SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR PHILOSOPHY IN ALL HONOUR SCHOOLS INCLUDING PHILOSOPHY

[1] Candidates offering Philosophy papers* in any honour school must conform to the General Regulations below, and to those for their particular school, as specified elsewhere.

[2] Subjects in Philosophy

[3] The syllabuses of the subjects in Philosophy are specified below. A three hour written examination paper will be set in each subject except 199.

[4] 101. [Until 1 October 2013: History of Philosophy from Descartes to Kant] [From 1 October 2013: Early Modern Philosophy]

[5] Candidates will be expected to show critical appreciation of the main philosophical ideas of the period. The subject will be studied in connection with the following texts: Descartes, Meditations, Objections and Replies; Spinoza, Ethics; Leibniz, Monadology, Discourse on Metaphysics; Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding; Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous; Hume, Treatise of Human Nature [Until 1 October 2013: ; Kant, Critique of Pure Reason]. The paper will consist of three sections; Section A will include questions about Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz; Section B will include questions about Locke, Berkeley and Hume [Until 1 October 2013: ; Section C will include questions about Kant]. Candidates will be required to answer three questions, with at least one question from Section A and at least one question from Section B.

[6] 102. Knowledge and Reality

[7] Candidates will be expected to show knowledge in some of the following areas: knowledge and justification; perception; memory; induction; other minds; a priori knowledge; necessity and possibility; reference; truth; facts and propositions; definition; existence; identity, including personal identity; substances, change, events; properties; causation; space; time; essence; natural kinds; realism and idealism; primary and secondary qualities.

[8] 103. Ethics

[9] Candidates will be given an opportunity to show some first-hand knowledge of some principal historical writings on this subject, including those of Aristotle, Hume, and Kant, but will not be required to do so. Questions will normally be set on the following topics:

1. [10] 1. The Metaphysics of Ethics: including the nature of morality and moral properties, the truth-aptness of moral judgements, moral knowledge and moral relativism.
2. [11] 2. Value and Normativity: including good and right, reasons, rationality, motivation, moral dilemmas.
3. [12] 3. Self-interest, Altruism, and Amoralism.
4. [13] 4. Ethical Theories: including consequentialism, utilitarianism, and contractualism.
5. [14] 5. Specific Moral Concepts: including happiness, well-being, rights, virtue, fairness, equality, and desert.
6. [15] 6. Moral Psychology: including conscience, guilt and shame, freedom and responsibility.
7. [16] 7. Applied Ethics, including medical ethics.

[17] 104. Philosophy of Mind

[18] Topics to be studied include the nature of persons, the relation of mind and body, self-knowledge, knowledge of other persons, consciousness, perception, memory, imagination, thinking, belief, feeling and emotion, desire, action, the explanation of action, subconscious and unconscious mental processes.

[19] 106. Philosophy of Science and Social Science

[20] The paper will include such topics as:

[21] Part A: the nature of theories; scientific observation and method; scientific explanation; the interpretation of laws and probability; rationality and scientific change; major schools of philosophy of science.

[22] Part B: social meaning; individualism; rationality; rational choice theory; prediction and explanation in economics; the explanation of social action; historical explanation, ideology.

[23] Candidates will be required to answer at least one question from each part of the paper.

[24] 107. Philosophy of Religion

[25] The subject will include an examination of claims about the existence of God, and God's relation to the world; their meaning, the possibility of their truth, and the kind of justification which can or needs to be provided for them; and the philosophical problems raised by the existence of different religions. One or two questions may also be set on central claims peculiar to Christianity, such as the doctrines of the Trinity, Incarnation, and Atonement.

[26] 108. The Philosophy of Logic and Language

[27] The subject will include questions on such topics as: meaning, truth, logical form, necessity, existence, entailment, proper and general names, pronouns, definite descriptions, intensional contexts, adjectives and nominalization, adverbs, metaphor, and pragmatics. Some questions will be set which allow candidates to make use of knowledge of linguistics.

[28] 109. Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Criticism

[29] Candidates will have the opportunity to show first-hand knowledge of some principal authorities on the subject, including Plato, Ion and Republic; Aristotle, Poetics; Hume, Of the Standard of Taste; Kant, Critique of Aesthetic Judgement.Questions will normally be set on the following topics: the nature of aesthetic value; the definition of art; art, society, and morality; criticism and interpretation; metaphor; expression; pictorial representation.

[30] 110. Medieval Philosophy: Aquinas

[31] The subject will be studied in the following text (The Fathers of the English Dominican Province edition, 1911, rev. 1920):

[32] Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Ia, 2-11, 75-89 (God, Metaphysics, and Mind); or Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Ia IIae qq. 1-10, 90-97 (Action and Will; Natural Law). This paper will include an optional question containing passages for comment. This subject may not be combined with subject 111.

[33] 111. Medieval Philosophy: Duns Scotus, Ockham

[34] The subject will be studied in the following texts:

[35] Duns Scotus, Philosophical Writings, tr. Wolter (Hackett) pp. 13-95 (chapters II-IV); Spade, Five Texts, pp. 57-113. Ockham, Philosophical Writings, tr. Boehner (Hackett), pp. 17-27, 96-126 (chapters II §1-2, chapters VIII-IX); Spade, Five Texts, pp. 114-231. This paper will include an optional question containing passages for comment. This subject may not be combined with subject 110.

[36] 112. The Philosophy of Kant

[37] Critique of Pure Reason, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. The editions to be used are N. Kemp Smith, Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (Macmillan 1929), and H. J. Paton's translation of the Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (Hutchinson, 1948).

[38] Candidates may answer no more than one question on Kant's moral philosophy.

[39] 113. Post-Kantian Philosophy

[40] The main developments of philosophy in Continental Europe after Kant, excluding Marxism and analytical philosophy. Questions on the following authors will regularly be set: Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty. There will be some general and/or comparative questions, and questions on other authors may be set from time to time. Candidates will be required to show adequate first-hand knowledge of works of at least two authors (who may be studied in translation).

[41] 114. Theory of Politics

[42] The critical study of political values and of the concepts used in political analysis: the concept of the political; power, authority, and related concepts; the state; law; liberty and rights; justice and equality; public interest and common good; democracy and representation; political obligation and civil disobedience; ideology; liberalism, socialism, and conservatism.

[43] 115. Plato: Republic, tr. Grube, revised Reeve (Hackett).

[44] There will be a compulsory question containing passages for comment.

[45] 116. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, tr. Irwin (Hackett, second edition).

[46] There will be a compulsory question containing passages for comment.

[47] 117. Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein

[48] Works principally to be studied are:

[49] Frege, Foundations of Arithmetic, trans. Austin; Begriffsschrift ch. 1, ‘Function and Concept’, ‘Sense and Meaning’, ‘Concept and Object’, and ‘Frege on Russell’s Paradox', in Geach and Black, eds. Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege;

[50] Russell, ‘On Denoting’, ‘Mathematical Logic as Based on the theory of Types’, and ‘On the Nature of Acquaintance’, in Marsh, ed., Logic and Knowledge; ‘The Ultimate Constituents of Matter’, ‘The Relation of Sense-Data to Physics’, and ‘Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description’, in Mysticism and Logic; Our Knowledge of the External World, chs. I-IV; either Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, chs. 1-3 and 12-18, or ‘The Philosophy of Logical Atomism’, in Marsh, ed., Logic and Knowledge;

[51] Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.

[52] Candidates will be required to show adequate knowledge of at least two authors.

[53] 118. The Later Philosophy of Wittgenstein

[54] Works principally to be studied are Philosophical Investigations and The Blue and Brown Books.

[55] 119. Formal Logic

[56] The paper will consist of three sections:

1. [57] (i) Propositional and Predicate Logic [58] Formal languages of propositional logic, adequate sets of connectives, conjunctive and disjunctive normal form, tautologies, logical consequence; formal languages of predicate logic, satisfaction, truth, validity, logical consequence. Deductive systems of propositional and predicate calculus; proofs and theorems; prenex normal forms; the soundness and completeness theorems. Derivation of the compactness theorem, simple applications of the compactness theorem. Predicate calculus with identity, normal models. Elementariness. The Löwenheim-Skolem theorems. First-order theories and their properties: completeness, categoricity. Differences between first-order and second-order logic.
2. [59] (ii) Set Theory [60] Basic axioms of set theory. Cartesian products, relations and functions. Axiom of infinity and the construction of the natural numbers; induction and the recursion theorem. Cardinality: finite, countable and uncountable sets; Cantor's theorem; the Schröder-Bernstein theorem. Linear orders and well-orders; order isomorphism, dense linear order. Transfinite induction and recursion. Comparability of well-orders. Ordinals, and their arithmetic. Equivalence of the axiom of choice, Zorn's lemma, the well-ordering principle, and cardinal comparability. Cardinals, and their arithmetic.
3. [61] (iii) Metamathematics [62] Primitive recursion and general recursion. Total and partial functions. Computability: Turing machines or register machines; existence of a universal machine; the s-m-n theorem. Decision problems; undecidability of the halting problem. Church's thesis. Formal systems of arithmetic; representability of sets and functions. Undefinability of truth. Gödel's first incompleteness theorem; Rosser's theorem; Löb's theorem; the Hilbert-Bernays adequacy conditions on a provability predicate; Gödel's second incompleteness theorem. No decision procedure for first-order logical validity; no complete proof procedure for second-order logical validity.

[63] 120. Intermediate Philosophy of Physics

[64] The paper will consist of two sections. Section A will include philosophical problems associated with classical physics and some basic philosophical issues raised by the Special Theory of Relativity. Section B will be concerned with introductory philosophical problems related to the interpretation of quantum mechanics. Candidates will be required to answer at least one question from each section.

[65] 121. Advanced Philosophy of Physics

[66] The subject will include advanced topics in the philosophy of space, time, and relativity and in the philosophical foundations of quantum mechanics. It will also include some philosophical issues raised by thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.

[67] 122. Philosophy of Mathematics

[68] Questions may be set which relate to the following issues: Incommensurables in the development of Greek geometry. Comparisons between geometry and other branches of mathematics. The significance of non-Euclidean geometry. The problem of mathematical rigour in the development of the calculus. The place of intuition in mathematics (Kant, Poincaré). The idea that mathematics needs foundations. The role of logic and set theory (Dedekind, Cantor, Frege, Russell). The claim that mathematics must be constructive (Brouwer). The finitary study of formal systems as a means of justifying infinitary mathematics (Hilbert). Limits to the formalization of mathematics (Gödel). Anti-foundational views of mathematics. Mathematical objects and structures. The nature of infinity. The applicability of mathematics.

[69] 124. Philosophy of Science

[70] This paper will include such topics as: scientific method, including induction, confirmation, corroboration, and explanation; the structure of scientific theories, including syntactic and semantic approaches, the nature of scientific laws, the theory-observation distinction, inter-theory reduction, theory unification, and emergence; debates over realism, including the aims of science, the under-determination of theory by data, and structuralism; and scientific rationality, including theory change, epistemological naturalism, and Bayesian epistemology. Questions will also be set on historical schools in the philosophy of science, in particular logical positivism and logical empiricism, on aspects of the history of science, and on the philosophy of probability, including the nature of probabilistic laws.

[71] 125. Philosophy of Cognitive Science

[72] Topics to be studied include: levels of description, including personal and subpersonal levels, and relationships between levels; the nature of cognitive scientific theories; information and representation, including representational format, the language of thought, and connectionist alternatives; information processing, including algorithms, and tacit knowledge of rules; cognitive architecture, including modularity, and homuncular functionalism; explanation in cognitive science, including functional explanation and mechanistic explanation; methods in cognitive science, including cognitive neuropsychology, computational modelling, and experimental cognitive psychology; the scientific study of consciousness, including the status of introspective reports and non-verbal measures, and the notion of a neural and computational correlate of consciousness. Questions will also be set on philosophical issues arising from aspects of the history of cognitive science and from areas of active research in cognitive science.

[73] Note: The first examination in Philosophy of Cognitive Science will be 2012 for the Honour Schools of Philosophy, Politics and Economics; Philosophy and Modern Languages; Mathematics and Philosophy; and Physics and Philosophy. The first examination in Philosophy of Cognitive Science will be 2013 for the Honour Schools of Literae Humaniores; Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology; and Philosophy and Theology.

[74] 126. The Philosophy and Economics of the Environment†

[75] Philosophical foundations: justice and goodness, theories of value; decision-making under uncertainty. Economic foundations: externalities, public goods, international environmental agreements. Politics and the environment. Intergenerational ethics, discounting. The choice of instruments: taxes, permits and command-and-control; environmental instruments in practice. Valuing human life. Valuing nature. Cost-benefit analysis: foundations and critiques; valuation methods.

[76] 130. Plato, Republic

[77] Candidates will be expected to have read books I, IV-VII, X in Greek (Slings Oxford Classical Text), and books II-III, VIII-IX in translation (Grube, revised Reeve, Hackett). There will be a compulsory question containing passages for translation and comment from the books read in Greek; any passages for comment from the remaining books will be accompanied by a translation.

[78] 131. Plato, Theaetetus and Sophist

[79] Candidates will be expected to have read both dialogues in Greek (Duke et al., Oxford Classical Text). There will be a compulsory question containing passages for translation and comment.

[80] 132. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics

[81] Candidates will be expected to have read books I-III, VI-VII, X in Greek (Bywater, Oxford Classical Text), and books IV-V, VIII-IX in translation (Irwin, Hackett second edition). There will be a compulsory question containing passages for translation and comment from the books read in Greek; any passages for comment from the remaining books will be accompanied by a translation.

[82] 133. Aristotle, Physics

[83] Candidates will be expected to have read books I-IV and VIII in Greek (Ross, Oxford Classical Texts), and books V-VII in translation (in Barnes, ed., The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation (Princeton), vol. 1). There will be a compulsory question containing passages for translation and comment from the books read in Greek; any passages for comment from the remaining books will be accompanied by a translation.

[84] 134. Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Pyrrhonism (Bury, Loeb)

[85] There will be a compulsory question containing passages for translation and comment.

[86] 135. Latin Philosophy

[87] Cicero: De Finibus III (Reynolds, Oxford Classical Text), De Officiis I in translation (Griffin and Atkins, Cicero, On Duties, Cambridge); Seneca, Epistulae Morales 92, 95, 121, De Constantia, De Vita Beata (Reynolds, Oxford Classical Text).

[88] There will be a compulsory question containing passages for translation and comment from the texts read in Latin; any passages for comment from Cicero, De Officiis I will be accompanied by a translation.

[89] 150. Jurisprudence

[90] As specified in the regulations for the Honour School of Jurisprudence. This subject may be offered only by candidates in PPE, and cannot be combined with either subject 114 or subject 203. Tutorial provision will be subject to the availability of Law tutors and will normally take place in either Hilary or Trinity Term.

[91] 180. The Rise of Modern Logic

[92] The original authorities for the Rise of Modern Logic. The period of scientific thought to be covered is from 1879 to 1931 and includes principally the logical and foundational works of Frege, Russell, Hilbert, Brouwer, and Gödel that fall within this period. Questions may also be asked concerning Cantor, Dedekind, Poincaré, Zermelo, Skolem, Wittgenstein (Tractatus only), and Ramsey.

[93] 198. Special Subjects

[94] From time to time special subjects may be approved by the Faculty of Philosophy by regulations published in the University Gazette and communicated to college tutors by the end of the fifth week of Trinity Term two years before examination. Candidates may not be permitted to offer certain special subjects in combination with certain other subjects, or may be permitted to do so only on condition that in the papers on the other subjects they will not be permitted to answer certain questions. No candidate may offer more than one special subject. Subject to these qualifications, any candidate may offer any special subject.

[95] 199. Thesis:

1. [96] 1. Subject [97] The subject of every thesis should fall within the scope of philosophy. The subject may but need not overlap any subject on which the candidate offers papers. Candidates are warned that they should avoid repetition in papers of material used in their theses and that substantial repetition may be penalised. Every candidate shall submit for approval by the Director of Undergraduate Studies of the Faculty of Philosophy, c/o the Undergraduate Studies Administrator at 10 Merton Street, Oxford, OX1 4JJ, the title he or she proposes, together with (a) an explanation of the subject in about 100 words; and (b) a letter of approval from his or her tutor, not earlier than the first day of the Trinity Full Term of the year before that in which he or she is to be examined and not later than Friday of the fourth week of the Michaelmas Full Term preceding his or her examination. (The date before which a proposal cannot be submitted is different in certain circumstances in the case of the Honour School of Philosophy and Modern Languages. See the regulations below for that honour school.) The Director of Undergraduate Studies of the Faculty of Philosophy shall decide as soon as possible whether or not to approve the title and shall advise the candidate immediately. No decision shall be deferred beyond the end of the fifth week of Michaelmas Full Term. If a candidate wishes to change the title, subject or focus of his or her thesis after his or her thesis proposal has already been approved by the body responsible: he or she should write to the Director of Undergraduate Studies of the Faculty of Philosophy, c/o the Undergraduate Studies Administrator, to seek approval. The Undergraduate Studies Administrator will inform the candidate whether the change to the thesis has been approved, and communicate any change, where approved, to the appropriate chair of examiners.
2. [98] 2. Authorship and origin [99] Every thesis shall be the candidate's own work. A candidate's tutor may, however, discuss with the candidate the field of study, the sources available, and the method of presentation; the tutor may also read and comment on drafts. The amount of assistance the tutor may give is equivalent to the teaching of a normal paper. Every candidate shall sign a certificate to the effect that the thesis is his or her own work and the tutor shall countersign the certificate confirming, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, that this is so. This certificate shall be placed in a sealed envelope bearing the candidate's examination number presented together with the thesis. No thesis shall be accepted which has already been submitted for a degree of this or any other university, and the certificate shall also state that the thesis has not been so submitted. No thesis shall, however, be ineligible because it has been or is being submitted for any prize of this university.
3. [100] 3. Length and format [101] No thesis shall exceed 15,000 words, the limit to include all notes and appendices but not including the bibliography; no person or body shall have authority to permit any excess, except that in Literae Humaniores, in a thesis consisting in commentary on a text, quotation from the text will not be counted towards the word limit. The word count should be indicated at the front of the thesis. There shall be a select bibliography or a list of sources. All theses must be typed in double spacing on one side of quarto or A4 paper with any notes and references at the foot of each page. Two copies of the thesis shall be submitted to the examiners.
4. [102] 4. Submission of thesis [103] Every candidate shall submit the thesis, identified by the candidate's examination number only, not later than noon on Friday of the week before the Trinity Full Term of the examination to the Examination Schools, Oxford, addressed to the Chairman of the Examiners in the candidate's honour school.

[104] General Regulations

[105] The following restrictions on combinations apply to candidates whatever their honour school:

1. [106] (i) A candidate may not take both of subjects 106 and 124.
2. [107] (ii) A candidate may not take both of subjects 115 and 130.
3. [108] (iii) A candidate may not take both of subjects 116 and 132.
4. [109] (iv) Both of subjects 117 and 118 may be offered only by candidates in Mathematics and Philosophy [From 1 October 2013: and Computer Science and Philosophy].
5. [110] (v) A candidate may not take subject 199 unless he or she also takes three other philosophy subjects.
6. [111] [Until 1 October 2013: (vi) In the paper on subject 101, questions exclusively on Kant will not be answerable by candidates taking subject 112 in the same year or any previous year.]
7. [112] (vii) [(vi)] Notwithstanding any contrary indication in these regulations, subjects 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 135 may be offered only by candidates in Classics and English, Classics and Modern Languages, Classics and Oriental Studies, Literae Humaniores, and Oriental Studies.
8. [113] (viii) [(vii)] A candidate may not take both of subjects 110 and 111.
9. [114] (ix) [(viii)] Jurisprudence (subject 150) may be offered only by candidates in PPE, and cannot be combined with either subject 114 or subject 203.
10. [115] (x) [(ix)] The Rise of Modern Logic (180) may only be offered by candidates in Part C of the Honour Schools in Mathematics and Philosophy, Physics and Philosophy, and Computer Science and Philosophy.

[116] Whichever a candidate's honour school, where it is prescribed that he or she must take one or other of certain specified subjects and must take in addition some further subjects, a subject that is not chosen from among the specified ones may be chosen as a further subject.

[117] Regulations for Particular Honour Schools

[118] [From 1 October 2013: Computer Science and Philosophy

[119] In Part B candidates are required to take at least three subjects in Philosophy from subjects 101–120, 122, 124 and 125, and including at least two from 101, 102, 104, 108, 119, 122, 124 and 125.

[120] In Part C each candidate shall offer a total of three units chosen in any combination from the lists for Computer Science and for Philosophy. A unit in Philosophy consists of one of the subjects 101–120, 122, 124, 125 and 180 as specified above, or a Thesis as specified in 199 above except that the thesis shall not exceed 20,000 words. No subject in Philosophy may be offered in both Part B and Part C. Each unit in Philosophy other than a Thesis shall be examined by a three-hour written paper together with an essay of at most 5,000 words conforming to the rules given in the Course Handbook.]

[121] Literae Humaniores

[122] The Honour School is divided into two Courses; for restrictions on entry to Course II, see the regulations under Honour School of Literae Humaniores. Candidates in either Course may offer any number of subjects in Philosophy up to five, or up to four if they are offering Second Classical Language in Course II. Any selection is permitted which conforms to the General Regulations above and also to (i)-(v) following:

1. [123] (i) candidates offering one Philosophy subject only may offer any of the subjects listed above except 121 and 199.
2. [124] (ii) candidates offering at least two Philosophy subjects must select at least one subject in ancient philosophy, i.e., one of 115, 116, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 135. Those offering three or more subjects must also select one subject from 101, 102, 103, and 108.
3. [125] (iii) candidates offering subject 199, Thesis in Philosophy, may not offer any other thesis except a Special Thesis;
4. [126] (iv) all candidates must offer at least four text-based subjects, not necessarily in Philosophy (or three if offering Second Classical Language in Course II);
5. [127] (v) all candidates in Course I must offer at least one text-based subject in each of classical Greek texts and classical Latin texts, not necessarily in Philosophy.

[128] The text-based subjects in Philosophy are 130 (Greek), 131 (Greek), 132 (Greek), 133 (Greek), 134 (Greek), 135 (Latin).

[129] Candidates may also offer a Special Thesis, which may be in Philosophy, in accordance with the regulations under Honour School of Literae Humaniores.

[130] Mathematics and Philosophy

[131] See SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR THE HONOUR SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND PHILOSOPHY.

[132] Philosophy and Modern Languages

[133] Candidates are required to take one of the following subjects: 101, 115, 116. In addition to this subject, they must take two or three or four further subjects in Philosophy, depending upon whether the number of subjects they take in part II in Modern Languages is three or two or one. Further subjects in Philosophy must be chosen in conformity with the General Regulations.

[134] Where subject 199 is taken, every candidate shall submit his or her application for approval of the subject not earlier than the first day of Trinity Full Term two years before the term of the written examination in the case of candidates planning to spend a year abroad.

[135] Philosophy, Politics and Economics

[136] Any candidate in this school offers either Philosophy Politics and Economics or Philosophy and Politics or Philosophy and Economics or Politics and Economics; and takes eight subjects in all. Subjects in Philosophy must be chosen in conformity with the regulations for the honour school and with the General Regulations above; and subject 114 may not be offered by any candidate who takes subject 203 in Politics.

[137] Candidates offering Philosophy Politics and Economics are required to take (i) either subject 101, or subject 102, or subject 115, or subject 116, and (ii) subject 103. In addition to these subjects, they may take one or two further subjects in Philosophy.

[138] Candidates offering Philosophy and Politics are required to take (i) either subject 101, or subject 102, or subject 115, or subject 116, and (ii) subject 103. In addition to these two, they must take one, and they may take two or three, further subjects in Philosophy.

[139] Candidates offering Philosophy and Economics are required to take (i) either subject 101 , or subject 102, or subject 115, or subject 116, and (ii) subject 103. In addition to these two, they must take one, and they may take two or three, further subjects in Philosophy.

[140] Candidates offering Politics and Economics may take any one subject in Philosophy.

[141] Philosophy and Theology

[142] Candidates are required to take (i) subject 107, (ii) one of the subjects 101, 115, and 116, and (iii) either subject 102 or subject 103. In addition to these three, they may take one or two further subjects in Philosophy, depending upon whether they take five or four or three subjects in all in Theology. Further subjects in Philosophy must be chosen in conformity with the General Regulations.

[143] Candidates taking subject 199 who wish to write their thesis during the Long Vacation may submit titles for approval before noon on Friday of the fourth week of the Trinity Term in the year preceding the examination, and approval will be notified before the end of that term.

[144] Physics and Philosophy

[145] Part B: candidates are required to take (i) subject 101 or 102; (ii) one of subjects 106, or 124; and (iii) subject 120. Candidates offering a further subject in Philosophy must select one from the list of subjects 101-122 and 125 above, in accordance with the General Regulations.

[146] Part C: those candidates offering one or more further Philosophy subjects must choose them from the subjects 101-4, 107-22, 125, and 180 as specified above, or a Thesis as specified in 199 above, save that the thesis shall not exceed 20,000 words.

[147] Each subject in Philosophy other than a Thesis shall be examined by a three-hour written paper together with an essay of at most 5,000 words. See Special Regulations for the Honour School of Physics and Philosophy for regulations concerning the examination essays.

[148] The same Philosophy subject may not be taken in more than one part of the final examination.

[149] [Until 1 October 2015: Psychology and Philosophy

[150] Candidates may take at most five subjects in Philosophy. All candidates must take eight subjects in total. Candidates may only take subjects in Psychology if they offer Psychology Parts I and II.

[151] Candidates who take one subject in Philosophy may take any subject, except 121, in conformity with the General Regulations. Candidates who take two subjects in Philosophy must take at least one of 101, 102, 104, or 125. Those offering three or more Philosophy subjects must choose at least two from the above list. Their further subjects taken in Philosophy must be chosen in conformity with the General Regulations.]

[152] [From 1 October 2014: Psychology, Philosophy, and Linguistics

[153] Candidates may take at most five subjects in Philosophy. All candidates must take eight subjects in total. Candidates may only take subjects in Psychology if they offer Psychology Parts I and II.

[154] Candidates who take one subject in Philosophy may take any subject, except 121, in conformity with the General Regulations. Candidates who take two subjects in Philosophy must take at least one of 101, 102, 104, 108, 124 or 125. Those offering three or more Philosophy subjects must choose at least two from the above list. Their further subjects taken in Philosophy must be chosen in conformity with the General Regulations.]

[155] [Until 1 October 2014: Psychology, Philosophy, Physiology

[156] Candidates may take at most five subjects in Philosophy. All candidates must take eight subjects in total. Candidates may only take subjects in Psychology if they offer Psychology Parts I and II .

[157] Candidates who take one subject in Philosophy may take any subject, except 121, in conformity with the General Regulations. Candidates who take two subjects in Philosophy must take at least one of 101, 102, 104, or 125. Those offering three or more Philosophy subjects must choose at least two from the above list. Their further subjects taken in Philosophy must be chosen in conformity with the General Regulations.]